Hwasong-serie

The Hwasong (Mars) series covers the North Korean SRBM-to-ICBM portfolio, all DPRK in-house designs (with some Russian input). Hwasong-11 ("KN-23") strongly resembles the Iskander-M in silhouette and quasi-ballistic trajectory and is the most exported variant — to Russia in 2023–2024 (US/UK/ROK officials). Hwasong-15/17 are liquid-fuel ICBMs with claimed range 13,000–15,000 km. Hwasong-18 is a solid-fuel ICBM (first flight 2023), which dramatically accelerates operational readiness. All are banned for sale under UNSCR 1718, 1874, 2270, 2371, 2375, 2397; transfers to Russia are formally illegal and well documented.